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21.
珊瑚骨骼生长有年、月、日周期,能够当作古生物钟来记录地质历史。块状珊瑚骨骼密度条带年周期的发现对后来的珊瑚古气候研究产生了深远的影响,随后又发现世界各热带海域的珊瑚存在多种多样的骨骼密度变化模式,起先常从珊瑚的生长环境中寻找骨骼密度变化的控制因素,但是没有成功,从80年代后期,部分学者试图从珊瑚骨骼构架本身出发、综合考虑环境因素和骨骼密度条带之间的关系来探求骨骼密度变化的机理,并提出了一个可以解释大多数块状珊瑚骨骼密度条带变化模式的骨骼生长模型。块状珊瑚软体层厚度是一个十分重要但至今仍没引起足够重视的珊瑚生长参数,它相对于骨骼线性生长率的变化影响着骨骼密度变化模式。骨骼钙化作用和虫黄藻光合作用的相互关系还存有争议,珊瑚骨骼钙化机理仍在探索中。 相似文献
22.
Hodaka Kawahata Mayuri Inoue Masato Nohara Atsushi Suzuki 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(4):405-412
The δ18O, δ13C and trace element composition of pearls collected from Ago Bay, Japan, were investigated in order to evaluate biomineralization
in the cultured pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii). The oxygen isotopic data suggest that the pearls were produced around 23–24°C, mainly in June to early July, which is consistent
with their occurrence in the field. Therefore the pearls were produced under or close to isotopic equilibrium conditions,
although they showed high calcification rates (higher than 0.2–1.0 g cm− 2yr−1) under which, for example, coral skeletons (calcification rate ∼0.28 g cm− 2yr−1) often show non-equilibrium isotope partitioning. The δ13C values were ∼− 2.9‰ lower than those calculated for offshore waters under equilibrium conditions. This may be due to low-δ13C bottom waters resulting from the degradation of organic matter (OM) or to a contribution of low-δ 13C food. In the latter case, a simple mass balance calculation gives a respiration component of 14%. Twelve trace elements
of bulk pearl samples were classified into four groups on the basis of their enrichment/depletion patterns relative to seawater
and inter-element relationships: group 1, Co, Cr, Pb; group 2, Ba, Cs, U; group 3, Cu, Sn, V, and group 4, Mn, Rb, Mo. Comparison
with coral skeletons suggests that Ba and Mn (groups 2 and 4) were definitely much enriched in proteinaceous OM relative to
aragonite crystals in pearls and that V (group 3) in pearls showed only slight enrichment in the organicrich layer. By contrast,
the other elements showed small differences between both layers (enrichment factor of <3), suggesting that these elements
occur largely in aragonite crystals. 相似文献
23.
利用电子探针、Ｘ射线能谱、红外光谱和Ｘ射线衍射。初步研究了健康的斑节对虾Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｍｏｎｏｄｏｎ甲壳和患病对虾甲壳白斑的形貌、无机组成以及所含的钙化矿物。实验结果表明，健康对虾甲壳的内外表面的钙磷原子比分别为１．２—１．４和１．５６—１．６８；在透射光偏光显微镜下，可见到不均匀分布的大小不等的毛发状、树枝状和十字消光放射球纤状雏晶，有些鲕粒中心可包含石英微粒；红外光谱表明，健康对虾甲壳所包含的沉淀矿物主要是胶磷石。患病对虾甲壳表面白斑区的钙磷原子比可达３１．８３—４３．５６，其剖面中间层鲕粒除合少量硫以外，全部都是钙，偏光显微镜和扫描电镜照片清楚地显示泥晶状、放射纤维状、放射花瓣状微晶集合体逐步交代并覆盖胶磷石，红外光谱和Ｘ射线衍射谱都清楚地证实该矿物是方解石。 相似文献
24.
选取人体心脏瓣膜、动脉、甲状腺、卵巢和乳腺5大类典型病理性钙化共38例样品开展了系统的红外光谱表征,重点探讨了样品内碳羟磷灰石(CHA)中CO2-3含量及CO2-3的取代类型特征。研究发现,这5类典型病理性钙化产物均以碳羟磷灰石为主要物相,相同部位钙化物中的CO2-3含量基本保持一致,但不同部位钙化物中的CO2-3平均含量差别较明显,甲状腺、乳腺中CO2-3平均含量最低,为6.2%,相比CO2-3平均含量最高的心脏瓣膜,相差3.3%。5类样品含有的碳羟磷灰石均以B型取代(CO2-3取代PO3-4)为主,伴随有少量A型取代(CO2-3取代OH-),钙化物中的CO2-3含量与B/A取代比值的正向联系不明显。 相似文献
25.
Robert N. Head David W. Crawford Jorun K. Egge Roger P. Harris Svein Kristiansen David J. Lesley Emilio Maran David Pond Duncan A. Purdie 《Journal of Sea Research》1998,39(3-4)
In June/July 1994 a study was made of a small bloom of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi in an area of the North Sea to the east of the Shetland Islands. Observations on the hydrography of the study area indicated the bloom was associated with Atlantic water and was confined to an area in which a stable shallow mixed layer had formed. There was no evidence to suggest association of horizontal physical structure with the bloom development. High cell densities of >1–
cells dm−3, together with low concentrations of PIC (<50 μg dm−3) and detached liths (2–
liths cm−3) indicated that the bloom was studied at an early stage of development. Biochemical and physiological observations indicated active growth was taking place. The results presented are discussed in comparison with previous studies carried out in both oceanic and shelf seas. 相似文献
26.
为探讨海洋酸化和光照强度变化对海洋钙化生物的影响,本文选用广泛分布在热带珊瑚礁区的大型钙化海藻仙掌藻(Halimeda opuntia)为研究对象,在室内通过CO2加富(pH=7.50、7.80和8.10)和调控光照强度(30和180μmol photons m2·s-1)的方式,探究其生长、钙化作用和光合作用等生理特征对海洋酸化和光照强度变化的响应。结果表明:海水酸化可以显著抑制仙掌藻的生长率、钙化速率和光合效率,且随酸化程度的加深而加强。酸化条件下(p H 7.50～7.80),生长率、钙化速率和Fv/Fm分别下降了48.29%～58.80%、51.78%～62.29%和2.37%～13.79%;光照强度的增加可以缓解这一抑制作用,高光照下生长率、钙化速率和Fv/Fm分别升高了2.01%～44.55%、29.61%～40.68%和1.68%～6.92%。酸化处理和光照强度变化对色素含量、丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸含量影响显著(P 0.01);酸化处理组中的Chl-a含量下降了32.69%～43.44%;而实验第20-28天,低光条件下的类胡萝卜素含量比高光照组高出12.12%～57.45%;酸化胁迫下,MDA在组织中逐渐积累;同时脯氨酸明显升高,以增加藻体自身的抗逆性,缓解胁迫带来的损伤。此外,组织中总碳(TC)和总氮(TN)含量在酸化条件下显著增加(P 0.05),光照强度的增加也一定程度上有利于提高TC和TN含量。通过分析可知,海洋酸化对仙掌藻的威胁是多方面的,对其生长、钙化作用和光合作用等生理过程的抑制作用随着酸化程度的加深而增加,而光照强度的增加一定程度上可以缓解酸化带来的负面效应。这些结果可以为预测未来海洋酸化对钙质生物的影响和珊瑚礁生物的多样性保护提供理论参考。 相似文献
27.
The ocean captures a large part of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide emitted to the atmosphere. As a result of the increase in CO2 partial pressure the ocean pH is lowered as compared to pre-industrial times and a further decline is expected. Ocean acidification has been proposed to pose a major threat for marine organisms, particularly shell-forming and calcifying organisms. Here we show, on the basis of meta-analysis of available experimental assessments, differences in organism responses to elevated pCO2 and propose that marine biota may be more resistant to ocean acidification than expected. Calcification is most sensitive to ocean acidification while it is questionable if marine functional diversity is impacted significantly along the ranges of acidification predicted for the 21st century. Active biological processes and small-scale temporal and spatial variability in ocean pH may render marine biota far more resistant to ocean acidification than hitherto believed. 相似文献
28.
Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：21
29.
Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide in Coral Reef Lagoon Waters: Comparative Study of Atolls and Barrier Reefs in the Indo-Pacific Oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Factors controlling the CO2 system parameters, including the partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) in coral reef waters, were investigated in three mid-oceanic reefs of the Indo-Pacific region. Surface water PCO2 in the lagoons of Majuro Atoll and Palau barrier reef in the Pacific were 25 µatm and 48 µatm higher than those of the offshore waters, respectively, while South Male Atoll lagoon of the Maldives in the Indian Ocean exhibited relatively small difference in PCO2 compared to the offshore water. Observations from Majuro Atoll and Palau barrier reef are consistent with the view that calcium carbonate production predominates in coral reefs. On the other hand, results from South Male Atoll can be attributed to the thorough flushing of the lagoon, which is connected to the open ocean by numerous deep channels. The offshore-lagoon PCO2 difference depends on system-level net organic-to-inorganic carbon production ratio while reef topography, especially residence time of the lagoon, has a secondary effect on the magnitude of the offshore-lagoon difference. A potential for releasing CO2 might be more evident in an enclosed atoll where the reef water has a longer residence time. Oceanic atoll and barrier reef lagoons, which are in the terminal stage of evolutionary history of oceanic volcanic islands, have the potential to release CO2 to the atmosphere. 相似文献
30.
地表钙华,是喀斯特地区普遍存在的一种沉积体,是陆相碳酸钙沉积的重要类型。长期以来陆相碳酸钙沉积的水动力成因观点为大多数人所熟悉(1)（2）,生物成因观点则研究较少,在实际中生物作用过程也是不可忽略的,特别是藻类的沉积作用。论文以几种典型的蓝藻为例,通过对自然界水动力条件的模拟,对蓝藻藻类进行了几种水动力条件下的碳酸钙生物沉积试验研究,对比研究了在不同水动力条件下,蓝藻钙化沉积过程。试验得出了钙藻生长与钙化沉积的最适宜水动力为0~60 rpm,在过强的水动力条件下,蓝藻的生长将受到抑制,从而降低蓝藻的钙化沉积速率。文章讨论了在瀑布条件下的陆相碳酸钙沉积是以水动力成因为主导,而在水动力条件较弱的河流中以生物成因为主导,从而提出了,陆相碳酸钙沉积的水动力-生物双成因观点。文章还探讨了在静止状态下,藻类沉积对碳酸钙沉积的贡献大小,叠层石所指示的安静的沉积环境。 相似文献